Why automate it
Public configuration drifts quietly.
A certificate renews incorrectly. A DMARC record never moves beyond monitoring. A migration drops HSTS. DNSSEC gets disabled at a registrar. None of these require an attacker to exist; they are operational changes that can be detected from the outside.
TLS
Validate the certificate, negotiated protocol and remaining certificate lifetime.
HTTP headers
Check HSTS, CSP, MIME sniffing protection, clickjacking controls, referrer policy and permissions policy.
SPF
Confirm there is exactly one SPF policy rather than a missing or conflicting configuration.
DMARC
Check whether the domain publishes a DMARC policy that receiving mail systems can evaluate.
Mail transport
Look for MTA-STS and TLS-RPT so transport expectations and failures can be observed.
DNSSEC
Detect DS records at the delegation as an external signal that DNSSEC is enabled.